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Western Front: 1915 – 1917: Stalematea. OPERATIONS
IN 1915
The war in 1914 had been open fighting insofar as that
term can be applied to the western front before March 1918, and its
fluctuations had covered great distances. Only at the end of the year
had it become trench warfare rather than warfare waged from scrapings
in the ground where the forces on either side had halted. Now this state
of affairs was to be changed, though it was not until 1916 that defenses
were perfected, above all in the famous line named after Field Marshal
Paul von Hindenburg, to which he withdrew from the battlefield of the
Somme. Even the trenches of 1915, however, altered the whole character
of the war, especially in winter.
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