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Chronology Of World War 1
EASTERN FRONT
1914
Aug. 10-Austrians invade southern Russian Poland and aim for Lublin.
Aug. 17-Russian First Army invades East Prussia from the east; Germans
attack it unsuccessfully in Battle of Stalluponen.
Aug. 18-Russians invade Galicia from the east.
Aug. 20-In East Prussia, Germans fall back in Battle of Gumbinnen; Second
Russian Army moves into East Prussia from south to pinch off Germans;
Germans move south to meet Second Army.
Aug. 23-Gen. Paul von Hindenburg and Maj. Gen. Erich F. W. Ludendorff
take command in East Prussia; in Galicia, Russians are driven back in
Battle of Kralnik (battle ends Aug. 25).
Aug. 24-In East Prussia, Russian Second Army is repulsed in Battle of
Frankenau.
Aug. 26-In Galicia, Austrians almost encircle Russians in Battle of
Komarov but retire
Sept. 1. South of Komarov, Austrians and Russians clash in Battle iof
the Gnila Lipa (battle ends Aug. 30); Austrians are put to rout; in
East Prussia, Battle of Tannenberg begins.
Aug. 29-Battle of Tannenberg ends; Russian Second Army is surrounded
and decimated.
Sept. 3-In Galicia, Russians occupy Lemberg.
Sept. 10-Germans drive Russian First Army from East Prussia back into
Poland, beginning three-day First Battle of the Masurian Lakes.
Sept. 11-Austrians are severely beaten in Battle of Rawa Ruska in Galicia
and withdraw to Carpathian Mountains 100 miles to rear; Russians follow.
Sept. 27-Russians push toward Carpathians.
Sept. 28-German Ninth Army arrives in Galicia to bolster sagging Austrians;
Austro-German advance begins.
Oct. 6-Russians fall back in Poland and Galicia.
Oct. 12-Germans advance to within 12 miles of Warsaw.
Oct. 16-Austrians reach line of San River.
Oct. 17-Russian reinforcements stop Germans at Warsaw.
Oct. 21-Germans retreat from Warsaw, and Austrians from the San.
Nov. 1-Germans and Austrians are back on their starting line.
Nov. 2-Russians drive Germans from Poland and reenter East Prussia.
Nov. 4-German Ninth Army begins to move north from Galicia to attack
Russian flank; in Galicia, Austrians are defeated at Jaroslau.
Nov. 10-Russians continue advance in East Prussia.
Nov. 11-German Ninth Army attacks Russian flank, beginning Battle of
Lodz.
Nov. 14-Germans begin drive against Russians in East Prussia; Russians
fall back.
Nov. 16-Russian line is pierced in Battle of Lodz; Russians fall back.
Nov. 21-Russian reinforcements trap Germans at Lodz.
Nov. 24-Germans extricate themselves from L6dz trap and draw back flank;
Battle of Lodz ends.
Dec. 6-Russians fall back 30 miles from Lodz Germans follow.
Dec. 25-All quiet on the eastern front.
1915
Jan. 4-Russians begin advance into Bucovina.
Jan. 17-Russians hold most of Bucovina.
Jan. 31-Germans attack Russians at Bolimow to divert attention from
major offensive being prepared in north; tear gas is used for first
time.
Feb. 7-Winter Battle of Masuria begins (ends Feb. 21); Germans encircle
Russian Tenth Army near Neman River and capture 100,000 prisoners; Austrians
launch attack in Carpathians to assist German attack, but it fails.
Feb. 18-Austrians retake Czernowitz.
Feb. 28-Germans begin withdrawal from northern Poland.
March 22-Przemysl, under siege since Nov. 12, 1914, surrenders to the
Russians.
April 28-Field Marshal August von Mackensen's German Eleventh Army arrives
on Carpathian front to save Austrian Army, threatened with destruction
by the Russians.
May 2-Mackensen and Austrians launch huge offensive in Carpathians.
May 4-Mackensen breaks Russian line between Gorlice and Tarn6w; Russians
lose 140,000 prisoners and 100 guns, and begin hasty retreat.
May 11-Russians reach San River, 80 miles to rear.
May 17-Russians are forced from the San and begin a 20-mile retreat.
June 2-Germans capture Przemyal.
June 12-Russian retreat continues; Germans follow it up.
June 22-Austrians recapture Lemberg and Galicia.
July 16-Battle of Krasnotav begins (ends July 18); Russians are defeated.
July 30-Germans occupy Lublin.
July 31-Germans occupy Kholm.
Aug. 4-5-Germans enter Warsaw; Russians prepare to evacuate Riga.
Aug. 7-Germans are repulsed near Riga.
Aug. 25-Germans take Brest-Litovsk.
Sept. 5-Czar Nicholas II takes command of Russian armies.
Sept. 16-Germans take Pinsk.
Sept. 30-Great Russian withdrawal of almost 300 miles ends; Germans
and Austrians, worn down, halt.
Oct. 3-Great battle for Dvinsk begins.
Oct. 10-German attack on Dvinsk fails.
Nov. 11-Russians drive Germans back from Riga.
1916
Feb. 2-Austrians and Germans fight in Bucovina.
March 18-Russians start strong attack at Lake Naroch and make good initial
gains against Germans.
March 26-Lake Naroch offensive bogs down in bad weather.
March 30-Germans regain lost ground at Lake Naroch.
June 4-In an offensive led by Gen. Aleksei Brusilov, Russians launch
massive surprise attack south of Pripet Marshes.
June 6-Russians capture Lutsk.
June 10-Russians pierce Austrian front to a depth of 50 miles.
June 17-Russians capture Czernowitz.
June 30-Russians win great victories at both ends of line; there are
700,000 Austro-German casualties.
July 4-A Russian attack in the north makes gains and is then halted
by Germans; both sides rush to concentrate their forces on southern
front; 15 German and 8 Austrian divisions are brought from other fronts
to stop Brusilov offensive.
July 28-A series of bloody battles begins.
August-There are persistent attacks by both sides, with only small gains.
Sept. 20-Stiff opposition and heavy losses in men and materials halt
Brusilov offensive.
Oct. 22-Russians sustain reverses in Galicia.
1917
Jan. 5-Russian offensive begins near Riga.
Feb. 1-Russian line is broken near Halicz.
Feb. 11-Germans are driven back near Halicz.
March 12-Russian Revolution begins.
March 15-Russian government is overthrown; czar abdicates.
May 4-Russians attack in Rumania; disorganization of Russian armies
begins.
July 1-Brusilov begins offensive in Galicia.
July 24-Counterattacking Germans drive Russians back in Bucovina.
Aug. 3-Germans take Czernowitz.
Sept. 3-Russians are driven from Riga.
Nov. 6-7-Bolsheviks seize power in Petrograd
Nov. 8-Congress of Soviets calls for peace.
Dec. 2-Hostilities are suspended on eastern front.
Dec. 22-Peace negotiations are opened at Brest-Litovsk.
1918
Feb. 10-Leon Trotsky, dissatisfied with German terms,
unilaterally declares war at an end.
Feb. 18-Germans renew fighting and drive eastward.
March 3-Bolsheviks sign peace treaty at Brest-Litovsk.
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